Effect of experimentally induced portal hypertension on the fundic mucosa of adult male albino rats and the possible protective role of quercetin supplementation: histological, immunohistochemical, and biochemical study

Portal hypertension [PHT] is a hyperdynamic circulation disorder. Its precise effect on the fundic mucosa remains a matter of controversy Evaluation of the effect of long -term experimental induction of PHT on the rat fundic mucosa and the possible protective role of quercetin. Forty rats were divided into the following three main groups; control, partial portal vein ligation [PPVL] and PPVL receiving 50 mg/kg /day of quercetin given intraperitoneal. After ten weeks from PPVL induction, samples from fundus of stomach were prepared for light and electron microscope. Tissue and blood samples were examined for inflammatory, oxidative stress and antioxidant markers. The number of parietal cells, area% of collagen fibers, PAS -alcian blue reaction, nitrotyrosine- and caspase-3 positive reaction were measured morphometrically and statistically analyzed. Fundic mucosa of PPVL group showed loss of normal architecture, exfoliation of the surface epithelium, inflammatory cellular infiltration and congestion of blood vessels in lamina propria. Parietal cells showed dilatation of their intracellular canaliculi. Many mucous cells had apoptotic nuclei. Chief cells had few secretory granules and dilated RER. Statistically, there was significant increase in the area% of collagen fibers, nitrotyrosine, caspase- 3 and inflammatory markers while area% of PAS-alcian blue reaction, number of parietal cells and tissue antioxidant enzymes showed significant reduction comparing with the control. Quercetin markedly protect fundic mucosa from histological and biochemical deleterious effects of PHT. PHT exerts a deleterious histological and biochemical effects on the fundic mucosa. Both antioxidant and antiinflammatory effects of Quercetin offer degree of protection for fundic mucosa, therefore, it may protect from gastropathy resulted from PHT

Effect of Helicobacter pylori on the mucosa of the lower end of the esophagus in induced chronic gastritis in adult albino rats: a histological and immunohistochemical study

Although Helicobacter pylori is linked to the occurrence of chronic gastritis, its effect on the lower end of the esophagus is still an open question. This study aimed to investigate the histological changes in the mucosa in the lower end of the esophagus after experimental induction of chronic gastritis by H. pylori, with special emphasis on changes occurring under its different lines of eradication. Thirty-six adult female albino rats were divided into control [group I] and experimental [group II] groups. The latter group received 0.5 ml of H. pylori brucella broth through an orogastric tube in daily morning doses for 1 week. Eight weeks later, rats of group II were further subdivided into four subgroups: lla, lib, He, and lid. Rats of the latter three subgroups were treated for an additional 4 weeks with amoxicillin, curcuminoid extract, and a mixture of both, respectively, whereas subgroup lla underwent no treatment for H. pylori. Twelve weeks after induction of H. pylori, samples from the lower end of the esophagus were stained with H and E, Mallory's trichrome, and nitrotyrosine immunoperoxidase and studied morphometrically. Subgroup lla showed an increase in the height of the epithelium that had inflammatory infiltrations, mitotic cells, spaces separating prickle cells, and many keratohyalin granules. The lamina propria showed elongated connective tissue papillae, wide spaces, and inflammatory cells. There was a highly significant increase in the mean number of inflammatory cells, epithelial and connective tissue papillae height, thickness of keratohyalin granules-containing layer, and area% of nitrotyrosine immunostaining. Subgroup lib treated with amoxicillin showed worsening of histological and immunohistochemical changes as well as of all morphometrically measured values. However, subgroups He and lid showed improvement in most of these changes, H. pylori treated with amoxicillin worsened the inflammatory changes, whereas curcuminoid extract improved the condition. Further studies to evaluate the use of curcumin with other anti H. pylori drugs are needed

Effect of surgically implanted root-end filling materials on the structure of draining lymph nodes of male albino rats: histological and immunohistochemical study

The success of endodontic surgery depends on the histocompatibility of the root-end filling material. Applications of nanotechnology improve their performance. Aim of the work was to compare the effect of a mineral trioxide aggregate [MTA]and a bioceramic nanoparticulate bioaggregate [BNB] on the histological structure of draining axillary lymph nodes of adult male albino rats after their surgical implantation into the skin. Forty adult male albino rats were divided into control and experimental groups.The latter was subdivided into MTA and BNB surgically implanted subgroups. After 7 days, the rats were sacrificed. Paraffin sections from both the proximal part of the dorsal skin and draining axillary lymph nodes were processed for H and E staining.Lymph node sections were further subjected to silver reticulin, Verhoeff's Van Gieson stains as well as kappa light chains. Quantitative assessments and statistical analysis of the results were carried out. There was an increase in mononuclear inflammatory cells infiltrating the skin in the MTA subgroup. Lymph nodes of the MTA subgroup showed a marked decrease in the lymphocyte content of lymphatic nodules, wide lymph sinuses, multinucleate giant cells, and many macrophages. In the BNB-treated subgroup, lymphatic nodules had wide corona and small germinal centers. Reticular and collagen fibers were increased in the MTA subgroup. Kappa light chains' immunoreactions were strong positive in MTA and mild positive in BNB subgroups. A highly significant increase in the mean area% of all fibers and kappa light chain immunoexpression of lymph nodes of the MTA subgroup were observed. MTA had less biocompatibility. BNB showed limited signs of acute inflammation. BNB is an up-to-date alternative to the currently used root-end filling materials. The chronic effects caused by BNB may require further study

Role of amlodipine in alleviating changes induced by mobile phone base station in frontal lobe cerebral cortex of adult rats histological, immunohistochemical and biochemical study

The possible risk of exposure to electromagnetic field [EMF] emitted from mobile base station is still an open question. Detection of the possible protective role of Amlodipine in histological changes induced by chronic exposure of adult rats on the frontal lobe cortex to EMF. Forty adult male albino rats were divided into control [I] and experimental [II] groups. Experimental subgroups [II-a and II-b] were exposed to EMF emitted from mobile phone base station at intensity 81 mg for eight weeks. Subgroup Il-b was treated with amlodipine in addition to irradiation. Sections from frontal lobe of cerebral cortex were stained with H and E, silver, toluidine blue and immunohistoehemically for Glial Fibrial Acid Protein [GFAP] and Bax. Oxidative biomarkers, antioxidant and calcium level were measured. In subgroup [II-a], rats showed disturbed equilibrium and aggressiveness. Pyramidal cells of frontal lobe were closely packed and surrounded with empty halos. They had irregular outlines with darkly stained eccentric nuclei, vacuolated cytoplasm and Nissle's granules. GFAP and BAX immunoexpression were strong positive. Mean number of apoptotic pyramidal cells, asrocytic count, optical density of GFAP and BAX reactions, apoptotic index were significantly high. Oxidative stress biomarker were elevated while brain antioxidant was reduced. On the other hand, Amlodipine treated subgroup showed improvement for both EMF induced histological changes as well as oxidative stress biomarker level. Amlodipine suppresses the EMF induced histological changes in the frontal lobe cortex, therefore, it may protect people living near mobile phone base station from its hazards